Crude oil
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KN-1298 Density Test by API Hydrometer
Accurate determination of the density, relative density (specific gravity), or API gravity of petroleum and its products is necessary for the conversion of measured volumes to volumes or masses, or both, at the standard reference temperatures during custody transferRead
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KN-524 Ramsbottom Carbon Residue Apparatus(Electric furnace method)
The carbon residue value of burner fuel serves as a rough approximation of the tendency of the fuel to form deposits in vaporizing pot-type and sleeve-type burners. Similarly, provided alkyl nitrates are absent (or if present, provided the test is performed on the base fuel without additive) the carbon residue of diesel fuel correlates approximately with combustion chamber deposits.
The carbon residue value of motor oil, while at one time regarded as indicative of the amount of carbonaceous depRead
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KN-1322 Smoke Point Apparatus for Kerosene
The smoke point is related to the hydrocarbon type composition of such fuels. Generally the more aromatic the fuel the smokier the flame. A high smoke point indicates a fuel of low smoke producing tendency.Read
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KN-482 Ash Content for Petroleum Product
Knowledge of the amount of ash-forming material present in a product can provide information as to whether or not the product is suitable for use in a given application. Ash can result from oil or water-soluble metallic compounds or from extraneous solids such as dirt and rustRead
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KN-473 Sediment Extraction in Crude Oil and Fuel Oil
A knowledge of the sediment content of crude oils and fuel oils is important both to the operation of refining and the buying or selling of these commoditiesRead
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KN-4870 Total Sediment in Residual Fuels
Appreciable amounts of sediment in a residual fuel oil can cause fouling of facilities for handling, and give problems in burner mechanisms. Sediment can accumulate in storage tanks, on filter screens, or on burner parts, resulting in obstruction of the flow of oil from the tank to the burnerRead
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KN-1796 Oil Test Centrifuge
The water and sediment content of fuel oil is significant because it can cause corrosion of equipment and problems in processing. A determination of water and sediment content is required to measure accurately net volumes of actual fuel oil in sales, taxation, exchanges, and custody transfers.Read
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KN-5865 Automatic Calorimeter
The gross calorific value can be used to compute the total calorific content of the quantity of coal or coke represented by the sample for payment purposes.
The gross calorific value can be used for computing the calorific value versus sulfur content to determine whether the coal meets regulatory requirements for industrial fuels.
The gross calorific value can be used to evaluate the effectiveness of beneficiation processesRead
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KN-3230 Salt Content of Crude Oil Tester
This tester measures the conductivity of a solution of crude oil in a mixed alcohol solvent when subjected to an electrical stress. This test method measures conductivity due to the presence of inorganic chlorides, and other conductive material, in the crude oil. A homogenized test specimen is dissolved in a mixed alcohol solvent and placed in a test cell consisting of a beaker and a set of electrodes. A voltage is impressed on the electrodes, and the resulting current flow is measured. The chloRead
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KN-5708 ICP for Crude Oils and Residual Fuels
When fuels are combusted, vanadium present in the fuel can form corrosive compounds. The value of crude oils can be determined, in part, by the concentrations of nickel, vanadium, and iron. Nickel and vanadium, present at trace levels in petroleum fractions, can deactivate catalysts during processing. These test methods provide a means of determining the concentrations of nickel, vanadium, and iron.Read
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