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KN-4951 ICP for Unused Lube Oils
Additive packages are blends of individual additives, which can act as detergents, antioxidants, antiwear agents, and so forth. Many additives contain one or more elements covered by this test method. Additive package specifications are based, in part, on elemental composition. Lubricating oils are typically blends of additive packages, and their specifications are also determined, in part, by elemental composition. This test method can be used to determine if additive packages and
unused lubricRead
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KN-7111 ICP for Middle Distillate Fuels
Trace elemental analysis is used to indicate the level of contamination of middle distillate fuels. Trace metals in turbine fuels can cause corrosion and deposition on turbine components at elevated temperatures. Some diesel fuels have specification limit requirements for trace metals to guard against engine deposits.Read
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KN-5708 ICP for Crude Oils and Residual Fuels
When fuels are combusted, vanadium present in the fuel can form corrosive compounds. The value of crude oils can be determined, in part, by the concentrations of nickel, vanadium, and iron. Nickel and vanadium, present at trace levels in petroleum fractions, can deactivate catalysts during processing. These test methods provide a means of determining the concentrations of nickel, vanadium, and iron.Read
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KN-14538 ICP for Biodiesel(B100)
Biodiesel, defined as a mixture of mono-alkyl esters, is produced from a wide range of vegetable oils and animal fats more commonly by a lipid transesterification process [1-3]. Biodiesel can be substituted for petroleum-based diesel fuel (petrodiesel) in virtually any standard unmodified diesel engine [4, 5]. Pure biodiesel or biodiesel blended with petroleum diesel can be used to fuel diesel vehicles, providing energy security and emissions and safety benefitsRead
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KN-6595 (RDE-AES) Rotary Disc Electrode Atomic Emission Spectrometer
Wear metals and contaminants in a used oil test specimen are evaporated and excited by a controlled arc discharge using the rotating disk technique. The radiant energies of selected analytical lines and one or more references are collected and stored by way of photomultiplier tubes, charge
coupled devices or other suitable detectors. A comparison is made of the emitted intensities of the elements in the used oil test specimen against those measured with calibration standards.Read
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KN-3237 AAS for Testing Lead in Gasoline
The gasoline sample is diluted with methyl isobutyl ketone and the alkyl lead components are stabilized by reaction with iodine and a quaternary ammonium salt. The lead content of the sample is determined by atomic absorption flame spectrometry at 283.3 nm, using standards prepared from reagent grade lead chloride. By the use of this treatment, all alkyl lead compounds give identical response.Read
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KN-AAS Flame Furance Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer
When fuels are combusted, metals present in the fuels can form low melting compounds that are corrosive to metal parts. Metals present at trace levels in petroleum can deactivate
catalysts during processing. These test methods provide a
means of quantitatively determining the concentrations of vanadium, nickel, iron, and sodium. Thus, these test methods can be used to aid in determining the quality and value of the crude oil and residual oil.Read
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KN-1840 UV-VIS Spectrometer
KN-1840 UV-VIS Spectrometer conforms to ASTM D1840 Standard Test Method for Naphthalene Hydrocarbons in Aviation Turbine Fuels by Ultraviolet Spectrophotometry. This test method for naphthalene hydrocarbons is one of a group of tests used to assess the combustion characteristics of aviation turbine fuels of the kerosene boiling range. The naphthalene hydrocarbon content is determined because naphthalenes, when burned, tend to have relatively larger contribution to a sooty flame, smoke, and thermRead
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KN-FTIR Spectrometer for Lubricants
Lubricant oils exhibit various chemical changes during their life time. This starts by simple changes such a fuel dilution of the fuel used or the uptake of soot (ASTM E2412) from the combustion. Numerous chemical reactions with combustion products lead to oxidation (ASTM D7414), nitration (ASTM D7624) or sulfation (ASTM D7415) of the lubricant and can be summarized as degradation products. To enable cycle times known from modern lubricants a wide variety of additives are added. These additivesRead
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KN-5134 GC for Detailed Analysis of Petroleum Naphthas
KN-5134 GC for Detailed Analysis of Petroleum Naphthas conforms to ASTM D5134 Standard Test Method for Detailed Analysis of Petroleum Naphthas through n-Nonane by Capillary Gas Chromatography and ASTM D6733 Standard Test Method for Determination of Individual Components in Spark Ignition Engine Fuels by 50-Metre Capillary High Resolution Gas Chromatography. A representative sample of the naphtha is introduced into a gas chromatograph equipped with a methyl silicone bonded phase fused silica capiRead
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